<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "C:\nlm\converter\journal-publishing-dtd-2.0\journalpublishing.dtd">
<article>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">IJAFRS</journal-id>
<journal-title>International Journal of African Studies</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="epub">2710-4680</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>SvedbergOpen</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">ijafrs-1-3-001</article-id>
<doi-group>
<article-doi><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="https://doi.org/" xlink:href="10.51483/IJAFRS.1.3.2021.1-15">10.51483/IJAFRS.1.3.2021.1-15</ext-link></article-doi>
</doi-group>
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>Case Study</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Voter Education for Women in Multiethnic Kenyan Society: The Case Study of 2017 General Elections</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Piotrowska</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001"><sup>*</sup></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001"><sup>1</sup><deptname>Department of African Languages and Cultures, University of Warsaw</deptname>, <instcountry>Poland</instcountry>. E-mail: <email>maria.j.piotrowska@gmail.com</email></aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor001"><sup>*</sup>Corresponding author:Maria Piotrowska, <deptname>Department of African Languages and Cultures</deptname>, <instcountry>Poland</instcountry>. E-mail: <email>maria.j.piotrowska@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>Communication through or with images has emerged into one of the main method people engage to &#x2018;talk&#x2019; in XXI century. It is engaged in many everyday life situations to replace or enhance oral communication and is now commonly used not only by social media, but also traditional ones, business and in widely understood politics. Image communication enhancing oral one has been engaged by Kenyan electoral commission, IEBC, to prepare multimodal voter education addressed to women. In this article I analyze multifaceted content present in video spots IEBC aired afore 2017 Kenyan general elections. Spots were published on modern communication platform i.e. Twitter and YouTube and were designed to encourage civic involvement of Kenyan women, whose presence in public life in Kenya is noticeably smaller. To analyze video spots I engaged methodology of cognitive linguistics, especially metonymy, metaphor &#x0026; conceptual blending theory. It enables to pursue beyond what is explicitly said and conduct in-depth understanding of electoral spots. Chosen analysis also allows to perceive unique Easter-African cultural values and comprehend their conceptualizations in the analyzed videos. I argue, that IEBC created modern campaign and encouraged women to vote by creating images they can effortlessly identify with, as they were capable to show that traditional women&#x2019;s social roles merge well with contemporary, democratic requirements. This article confirms that cognitive linguistics mechanisms can be used in the analysis of varied, multimodal texts, including of political character and they successfully trace cultural conceptualizations embedded in them, allowing audience to fully comprehend given source material.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Kenya</kwd>
<kwd>Elections</kwd>
<kwd>Conceptualizations</kwd>
<kwd>Multimodality</kwd>
<kwd>Metaphor</kwd>
<kwd>Metonymy</kwd>
<kwd>Conceptual integration</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<ref-count count="30"/>
<page-count count="15"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="bib001"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Abuya</surname><given-names>Edwin O.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <article-title>Consequences of Flawed Elections</article-title>. <source>Legal Studies</source>, <volume>29</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>127</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>158</lpage>, <month>March</month>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib002"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barcelona</surname><given-names>Antonio.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2000</year>). <source>Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads</source>. <publisher-loc>Berlin and New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Mouton de Gruyter</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib003"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bergen</surname><given-names>Benjamin.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2003</year>). <chapter-title>To Awaken a Sleeping Giant. Cognition and Culture in September 11 Political Cartoons</chapter-title>. In: <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>Michael</given-names> <surname>Achard</surname></name><name><given-names>Suzanne Kemmer</given-names> <surname>Language</surname></name></person-group> (eds.). <source>Culture and Mind</source>. <publisher-loc>Chicago</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>University of Chicago Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib004"><citation citation-type="other"><collab>CEDAW</collab>. (<year>1979</year>). <article-title>Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2008)</article-title>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib005"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cheeseman</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kanyinga</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lynch</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ruteere</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Willis</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Kenya&#x2019;s 2017 Elections: Winner-Takes-All Politics as Usual?</article-title>. <source>Journal of Eastern African Studies</source>, <volume>13</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>215</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>234</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib006"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cheeseman</surname><given-names>Nic.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>The Kenyan Elections of 2007: An introduction</article-title>. <source>Journal of Eastern African Studies</source>, <volume>2</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>146</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>164</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib007"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Croft</surname><given-names>William.</given-names></name><name><surname>Cruse</surname></name><name><surname>Alan</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <source>Cognitive Linguistics</source>. <publisher-loc>Cambridge</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib008"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Evans</surname><given-names>V&#x00FF;vyan</given-names></name><name><surname>Green</surname><given-names>Melanie.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <source>Cognitive Linguistics: an Introduction</source>. <publisher-loc>Edinburgh</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Edinburgh University Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib009"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fauconnier</surname><given-names>Gilles</given-names></name><name><surname>Turner</surname><given-names>Mark.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002</year>). <source>The Way We Think. Conceptual Blending and The Mind&#x2019;s Hidden Complexities</source>. <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Basic Books</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib010"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fjelde</surname><given-names>Hanne</given-names></name><name><surname>H&#x00F6;glund</surname><given-names>Kristine.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2018</year>. <chapter-title>Ethnic Politics and Elite Competition: The Roots of Electoral Violence in Kenya</chapter-title>&#x201D;. In: <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>Mimmi S&#x00F6;derberg</given-names> <surname>Kovacs</surname></name><name><given-names>Jesper</given-names> <surname>Bjarnsen</surname></name></person-group> (Eds.). <source>Violence in African Elections</source>. <publisher-loc>Uppsala</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Nordic African Institute</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib011"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Forceville</surname><given-names>Charles.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <chapter-title>Metaphor in Pictures and Multimodal Representations</chapter-title>. In: <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>Raymond W.</given-names> <surname>Gibbs</surname> <suffix>Jr.</suffix></name></person-group> (Eds.). <source>Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought</source>. <publisher-loc>Santa Cruz</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>University of California</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib012"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>G&#x00F3;rska</surname><given-names>El&#x00BF;bieta.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <chapter-title>Why are Multimodal Metaphors Interesting? The Perspective of Verbo-visual and Verbo-Musical Modalities</chapter-title>&#x201D;. In: <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Ku&#x0178;niak</surname><given-names>Marek</given-names></name><name><surname>Libura</surname><given-names>Agnieszka</given-names></name><name><given-names>Micha<sup>3</sup></given-names> <surname>Szawerna</surname></name></person-group> (eds.). <source>From Conceptual Metaphor Theory to Cognitive Ethnolinguistics. Patterns of Imagery in Language</source>. <publisher-loc>Frankfurt/Main</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Peter Lang, pp. 17-36</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib013"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>G&#x00F3;rska</surname><given-names>El&#x017C;bieta.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <chapter-title>A Multimodal Portrait of Wisdom and Stupidity. A Case Study of Image-schematic Metaphors in Cartoons</chapter-title>. In: <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>Rafa3</given-names> <surname>Augustyn</surname></name><name><given-names>Agnieszka</given-names> <surname>Mierzwi&#x00F1;ska-Hajnos</surname></name></person-group> (eds.). <source>New Insights into the Language and Cognition Interface</source>. <publisher-loc>Newcastle upon Tyne</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Cambridge Scholars Publishing</publisher-name>, pp. <fpage>98</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>117</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib014"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hart</surname><given-names>Christopher.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2017</year>). <chapter-title>Cognitive Linguistic Critical Discourse Studies</chapter-title>. In: <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>Bernard</given-names> <surname>Fortchner</surname></name><name><given-names>Ruth</given-names> <surname>Wodak</surname></name></person-group> (eds.) <source>The Routledge Handbook of Language and Politics</source>. <publisher-name>Routledge</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib015"><citation citation-type="other"><collab>ICCPR</collab>. (<year>1966</year>). <source>International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</source>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib016"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kamau</surname><given-names>Nyokabi.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <source>Women andPolitical Leadership in Kenya</source>. <publisher-loc>Nairobi</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Heinrich B&#x00F6;ll Foundation</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib017"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>K&#x00F6;vecses</surname><given-names>Zoltan.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <source>Metaphor: A Practical Introduction</source>. <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib018"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lakoff</surname><given-names>George</given-names></name><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>Mark.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1980</year>). <source>Metaphors We Live By</source>. <publisher-loc>Chicago and London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>The University of Chicago Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib019"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lijphart</surname><given-names>Arend.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1995</year>). <chapter-title>Multiethnic Democracy</chapter-title>. In: <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>S.M.</given-names> <surname>Lipset</surname></name></person-group> (eds.). <source>The Encyclopedia of Democracy</source>, pp. <fpage>853</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>865</lpage>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Routledge</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib020"><citation citation-type="other"><collab>Maputo Protocol</collab>. (<year>2003</year>). <article-title>Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples&#x2019; Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa</article-title>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib021"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maganda</surname><given-names>Dainess.</given-names></name><name><surname>Moshi</surname><given-names>Lioba.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <source>The Swahili People and their Language</source>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Adonis &#x0026; Abbey Publishers Ltd</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib022"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mazrui</surname></name><name><surname>Alamin</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mazrui</surname></name><name><surname>Alamin</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1993</year>). <article-title>Dominant Languages in a Plural Society. English and Kiswahili in Post-Colonial East Africa</article-title>. In: <source>International Political Science Review</source>, <volume>14</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>275</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>292</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib023"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nyanjon</surname><given-names>Othieno.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <source>Devolution in Kenya&#x2019;s New Constitution</source>. <publisher-loc>Nairobi</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Society for International Development</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib024"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Owuor</surname></name><name><surname>Felix</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>The 2007 General Elections in Kenya. Electoral Laws and Process</article-title>. <source>Journal of African Elections</source>, <volume>7</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>113</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>123</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib025"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Panther</surname><given-names>Klaus Uwe.</given-names></name><name><surname>Radden</surname><given-names>Gunther.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1999</year>). <source>Metonymy in Language and Thought</source>. <publisher-loc>Amsterdam and Philadelphia</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>John Benjamins Publishing Company</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib026"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pawe&#x0142;czak</surname><given-names>Marek.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <source>Kenia</source>. <publisher-loc>Warszawa</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Trio</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib027"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Podobi&#x0144;ska</surname><given-names>Zofia.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <article-title><i>Kanga</i> - kulturowy fenomen Wschodnioafryka&#x0144;skiego wybrze&#x017C;a. w</article-title>: <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><given-names>Nina</given-names> <surname>Pawlak</surname></name><name><given-names>Zofia</given-names> <surname>Podobi&#x00F1;ska</surname></name></person-group> (eds.), <source>J&#x0119;zyki Afryki a kultura</source>. <publisher-loc>Warszawa</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>AGADE</publisher-name>. <fpage>249</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>269</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib028"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Sanz</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name></person-group> (eds). (<year>2013</year>). <chapter-title>Multimodality and Cognitive Linguistics</chapter-title>. In: <source>Review of Cognitive Linguistics</source>. <publisher-loc>Vol. 11:2. Amsterdam and Philadelphia</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>John Benjamins Publishing Company</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib029"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharifian</surname><given-names>Farzad.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2017</year>. <source>Cultural Linguistics</source>. <publisher-loc>Amsterdam and Philadelphia</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>John Benjamins Publishing Company</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib030"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sisk</surname><given-names>Timothy.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1996</year>). <source>Power Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts</source>. <publisher-loc>Washington DC</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>United States Institute of Peace</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>