<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "C:\nlm\converter\journal-publishing-dtd-2.0\journalpublishing.dtd">
<article>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">AFJHSS</journal-id>
<journal-title>African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="epub">2789-3413</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>SvedbergOpen</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">afjhss-2-1-001</article-id>
<doi-group>
<article-doi><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="https://doi.org/" xlink:href="10.51483/AFJHSS.2.1.2022.1-6">10.51483/AFJHSS.2.1.2022.1-6</ext-link></article-doi>
</doi-group>
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>Research Note</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Pathogenic Societies and Collective Madness: A Critical Look at Normalcy</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Torrents</surname><given-names>Enric Garcia</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001"><sup>*</sup></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001"><sup>1</sup><instname>Medical Anthropology Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili</instname>, <instcity>Tarragona</instcity>, <instcountry>Spain</instcountry>. E-mail: <email>enric.garcia@urv.cat</email></aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor001"><sup>*</sup>Corresponding author: Enric Garcia Torrent, <instname>Medical Anthropology Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili</instname>, xxxxx. E-mail: <email>enric.garcia@urv.cat</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>02</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>This paper addresses the need to rethink mental healthcare services from a collective perspective, highlighting the impact of inequality and other social determinants on people&#x2019;s suffering, while critically examining the role of the current biomedical model in controlling the population and maintaining a socio-economic system that is both unhinged and unhinging.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Social psychiatry</kwd>
<kwd>Social psychology</kwd>
<kwd>Collective health</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<ref-count count="49"/>
<page-count count="6"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="bib001"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Babones</surname><given-names>Salvatore J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Income Inequality and Population Health: Correlation and Causality</article-title>. <source>Social Science &#x0026; Medicine</source>, <volume>66</volume>(<issue>7</issue>), <fpage>1614</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>1626</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib002"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Belsky</surname><given-names>Jay.</given-names></name><name><surname>Michael</surname><given-names>Pluess.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <article-title>Beyond Diathesis Stress: Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences</article-title>. <source>Psychological Bulletin</source>, <volume>135</volume>(<issue>6</issue>), <fpage>885</fpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib003"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bracken</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Timimi</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Asen</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Behr</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Beuster</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bhunnoo</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Browne</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Chhina</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Double</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Downer</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>Psychiatry Beyond the Current Paradigm</article-title>. <source>The British Journal of Psychiatry</source>, <volume>201</volume>(<issue>6</issue>), <fpage>430</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>434</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib004"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Burns</surname><given-names>Jonathan K.</given-names></name><name><given-names>Andrew</given-names> <surname>Tomita</surname></name><name><given-names>Amy S.</given-names> <surname>Kapadia</surname></name></person-group>. (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Income Inequality and Schizophrenia: Increased Schizophrenia Incidence in Countries with High Levels of Income Inequality</article-title>. <source>International Journal of Social Psychiatry</source>, <volume>60</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>185</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>196</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib005"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carver</surname></name><name><surname>Charles</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Michael</surname><given-names>F. Scheier</given-names></name><name><surname>Suzanne</surname><given-names>C. Segerstrom.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>Optimism</article-title>. <source>Clinical Psychology Review</source>, <volume>30</volume>(<issue>7</issue>), <fpage>879</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>889</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib006"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Compton</surname></name><name><surname>Michael</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ruth</surname><given-names>S. Shim.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>The Social Determinants of Mental Health</article-title>. <source>Focus</source>, <volume>13</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>419</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>425</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib007"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>DeRosse</surname><given-names>Pamela.</given-names></name><name><surname>Katherine</surname><given-names>H. Karlsgodt.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>Examining the Psychosis Continuum</article-title>. <source>Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports</source>, <volume>2</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>80</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>89</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib008"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Espino Granado</surname><given-names>Antonio.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Crisis econ&#x00F3;mica, pol&#x00ED;ticas, desempleo y salud (mental)</article-title>. <source>Revista de la asociaci&#x00F3;n espa&#x00F1;ola de neuropsiquiatr&#x00ED;a</source>, <volume>34</volume>(<issue>122</issue>), <fpage>385</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>404</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib009"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fisher</surname><given-names>Mark.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <source>Capitalist Realism: Is There no Alternative?</source>. <publisher-name>John Hunt Publishing</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib010"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fisher</surname><given-names>Matthew.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fran</surname><given-names>Baum.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>The Social Determinants of Mental Health: Implications for Research and Health Promotion</article-title>. <source>Australian &#x0026; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry</source>, <volume>44</volume> (<issue>12</issue>), <fpage>1057</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>1063</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib011"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Frances</surname><given-names>Allen.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2013</year>). <article-title>Saving Normal: An Insider&#x2019;s Revolt Against Out-of-Control Psychiatric Diagnosis, DSM-5, Big Pharma and the Medicalization of Ordinary <italic>Life</italic></article-title>. <source>Psychotherapy in Australia</source>, <volume>19</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>14</fpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib012"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Frasquilho</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Matos</surname><given-names>M.G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Salonna</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Guerreiro</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Storti</surname><given-names>C.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gaspar</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Caldas-de-Almeida</surname><given-names>J.M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>Mental Health Outcomes in Times of Economic Recession: A Systematic Literature Review</article-title>. <source>BMC Public Health</source>, <volume>16</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>1</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>40</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib013"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Freeman</surname><given-names>Daniel.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jason</surname><given-names>Freeman.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2013</year>). <source>The Stressed Sex: Uncovering the Truth About Men, Women, and Mental Health</source>. <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib014"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fromm</surname><given-names>Erich.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <source>The Pathology of Normalcy</source>. <publisher-name>Lantern Books</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib015"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fromm</surname><given-names>Erich</given-names></name><name><given-names>Leonard A.</given-names> <surname>Anderson</surname></name></person-group>. (<year>2017</year>). <source>The Sane Society</source>. <publisher-name>Routledge</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib016"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Flentje</surname><given-names>Annesa</given-names></name></person-group>, <etal>et al.</etal> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>The Relationship Between Minority Stress and Biological Outcomes: A Systematic Review</article-title>. <source>Journal of Behavioral Medicine</source>, <fpage>1</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>22</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib017"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gili</surname><given-names>Margalida.</given-names></name><name><surname>Javier</surname><given-names>Garc&#x00ED;a</given-names></name><name><surname>Campayo</surname></name><name><surname>Miquel</surname><given-names>Roca.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Crisis econ&#x00F3;mica y salud mental</article-title>. <source>Informe SESPAS 2014. Gaceta Sanitaria</source>, <volume>28</volume>, <fpage>104</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>108</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib018"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Higgs</surname><given-names>Rory</given-names></name><name><surname>Neirin</surname></name></person-group>. (<year>2020</year>). <article-title>Reconceptualizing Psychosis: The Hearing Voices Movement and Social Approaches to Health</article-title>. <source>Health and Human Rights Journal</source>, <volume>22</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>133</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>144</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib019"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Huxley</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2021</year>). <source>Brave New World and Brave New World Revisited</source>. <publisher-name>Wildside Press LLC</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib020"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>King</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name></person-group>, <etal>et al.</etal> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>A Systematic Review of Mental Disorder, Suicide, and Deliberate Self Harm in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People</article-title>. <source>BMC Psychiatry</source>, <volume>8</volume>(<issue>1</issue>). <fpage>70</fpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib021"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>Caroline.</given-names></name><name><given-names>Siow-Ann</given-names> <surname>Chong</surname></name><name><surname>Richard</surname><given-names>S.E. Keefe.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <article-title>Psychosocial Factors in the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia: A Selective Review</article-title>. <source>Ann Acad Med Singapore</source> <volume>38</volume>(<issue>5</issue>), <fpage>402</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>406</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib022"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Marmot</surname></name><name><surname>Michael</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2006</year>). <article-title>Status Syndrome: A Challenge to Medicine</article-title>. <source>Jama</source>, <volume>295</volume>(<issue>11</issue>), <fpage>1304</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>1307</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib023"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mat&#x00E9;</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <source>When the Body Says No: The Cost of Hidden Stress</source>. <publisher-name>Vintage Canada</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib024"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mat&#x00E9;</surname><given-names>Gabor.</given-names></name><name><surname>Daniel</surname><given-names>Mat&#x00E9;.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2022</year>). <article-title>The Myth of Normal: Trauma, Illness &#x0026; Healing in a Toxic Culture</article-title>. <source>Vermilion</source></citation></ref>
<ref id="bib025"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McEwen</surname></name><name><surname>Bruce</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><given-names>John C.</given-names> <surname>Wingfield</surname></name></person-group>. (<year>2003</year>). <article-title>The Concept of Allostasis in Biology and Biomedicine</article-title>. <source>Hormones and Behavior</source> <volume>43</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>2</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>15</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib026"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moncrieff</surname><given-names>Joanna.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2006</year>). <article-title>Psychiatric Drug Promotion and the Politics of Neoliberalism</article-title>. <source>The British Journal of Psychiatry</source>, <volume>188</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>301</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>302</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib027"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moncrieff</surname><given-names>Joanna.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Neoliberalism and Biopsychiatry: A Marriage of Convenience</article-title>. <source>Liberatory psychiatry: Philosophy, Politics and Mental Health</source>, <volume>9</volume>, <fpage>235</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>256</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib028"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moncrieff</surname><given-names>Joanna.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>Psychiatric Diagnosis as a Political Device</article-title>. <source>Social Theory &#x0026; Health</source>, <volume>8</volume>(<issue>4</issue>), <fpage>370</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>382</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib029"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Morgan</surname><given-names>Craig Ed</given-names></name><name><given-names>Kwame</given-names> <surname>Ed McKenzie</surname></name><name><given-names>Paul</given-names> <surname>Ed Fearon</surname></name></person-group>. (<year>2008</year>). <source>Society and Psychosis</source>. <publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib030"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moreno-K&#x00FC;stner</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><given-names>AI Masedo</given-names> <surname>Gutierrez</surname></name></person-group>. (<year>2017</year>). <article-title>Economic Crisis and Mental Health-Findings from Spain</article-title>. <source>Die Psychiatrie</source>, <volume>14</volume>(<issue>02</issue>), <fpage>95</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>102</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib031"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Morrall</surname><given-names>Peter.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2017</year>). <source>Madness: Ideas about Insanity</source>. <publisher-name>Taylor &#x0026; Francis</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib032"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Peterson</surname><given-names>Christopher.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2000</year>). <article-title>The Future of Optimism</article-title>. <source>American Psychologist</source>, <volume>55</volume>(<issue>1</issue>), <fpage>44</fpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib033"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pickett</surname></name><name><surname>Kate</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Richard</surname><given-names>G. Wilkinson.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>Inequality: An Underacknowledged Source of Mental Illness and Distress</article-title>. <source>The British Journal of Psychiatry</source>, <volume>197</volume>(<issue>6</issue>), <fpage>426</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>428</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib034"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Rapley</surname><given-names>Mark.</given-names></name><name><surname>Joanna</surname><given-names>Moncrief</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacqui</surname><given-names>Dillon</given-names></name></person-group>, eds. (<year>2011</year>). <source>De-medicalizing Misery: Psychiatry, Psychology and the Human Condition</source>. <publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib035"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ratey</surname></name><name><surname>John</surname><given-names>J. Spark.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and The Brain</article-title>. <source>Little, Brown Spark</source>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib036"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ratner</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Pathological Normalcy: The Psychological Dimension of Alienation and a Guiding Construct for Overcoming Alienation</article-title>. <source>The Humanistic Psychologist</source>, <volume>42</volume>(<issue>2</issue>).</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib037"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ratner</surname><given-names>Carl.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2019</year>). <article-title>Psychology&#x2019;s Contribution to Socio-Cultural, Political, and Individual Emancipation</article-title>. <source>Nature</source>, <publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib038"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Read</surname><given-names>John.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nick</surname><given-names>Haslam.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <article-title>Bad Things Happen and Can Drive You Crazy</article-title>. <source>Models of Madness: Psychological, Social and Biological Approaches to Schizophrenia</source>, <fpage>133</fpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib039"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Read</surname><given-names>John.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>Can Poverty Drive You Mad?&#x2019;Schizophrenia&#x2019;, Socio-economic Status and the Case for Primary Prevention</article-title>. <source>New Zealand Journal of Psychology</source>, <volume>39</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>7</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>19</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib040"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rose</surname><given-names>Nikolas.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2018</year>). <source>Our Psychiatric Future</source>. <publisher-name>John Wiley &#x0026; Sons</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib041"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ribeiro</surname><given-names>W.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bauer</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Andrade</surname><given-names>M.C.</given-names></name><name><surname>York-Smith</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pan</surname><given-names>P.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pingani</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Knapp</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Coutinho</surname><given-names>E.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Evans-Lacko</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2017</year>). <article-title>Income Inequality and Mental Illness-Related Morbidity and Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</article-title>. <source>The Lancet Psychiatry</source>, <volume>4</volume>(<issue>7</issue>), <fpage>554</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>562</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib042"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Selten</surname><given-names>JeanPaul.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jim van</surname><given-names>Os.</given-names></name><name><surname>Elizabeth</surname><given-names>CantorGraae.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2016</year>). <article-title>The Social Defeat Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Issues of Measurement and Reverse Causality</article-title>. <source>World Psychiatry</source>, <volume>15</volume>(<issue>3</issue>), <fpage>294</fpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib043"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Singer</surname></name><name><surname>Burton</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Carol</surname><given-names>D. Ryff.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2001</year>). <chapter-title>The Influence of Inequality on Health Outcomes</chapter-title>. <source>New Horizons in Health: An Integrative Approach</source>. <publisher-name>National Academies Press (US)</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib044"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Speed</surname><given-names>Ewen.</given-names></name><name><surname>Joanna</surname><given-names>Moncrieff</given-names></name><name><surname>Mark</surname><given-names>Rapley</given-names></name></person-group>, eds. (<year>2014</year>). <source>De-medicalizing Misery II: Society, Politics and the Mental Health industry</source>. <publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib045"><citation citation-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Southwick</surname></name><name><surname>Steven</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><given-names>Fatih</given-names> <surname>Ozbay</surname></name><name><given-names>Dennis</given-names> <surname>Charney</surname></name><name><given-names>Bruce S.</given-names> <surname>Mcewen</surname></name></person-group>. (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Adaptation to Stress and Psychobiological Mechanisms of Resilience</article-title>. <source>Biobehavioral Resilience to Stress</source>, <fpage>91</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>116</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib046"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Staub</surname></name><name><surname>Michael</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <source>Madness is Civilization: When the Diagnosis was Social, 1948&#x2013;1980</source>. <publisher-name>University of Chicago Press</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib047"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Van Os</surname><given-names>Jim</given-names></name><name><surname>Linscott</surname><given-names>R.J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Myin-Germeys</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Delespaul</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Krabbendam</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <article-title>A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Psychosis Continuum: Evidence for a Psychosis Proneness-Persistence-Impairment Model of Psychotic Disorder</article-title>. <source>Psychological Medicine</source>, <volume>39</volume>(<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>179</fpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib048"><citation citation-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Verdoux</surname><given-names>H&#x00E9;l&#x00E8;ne</given-names></name><name><given-names>Jim</given-names> <surname>van Os</surname></name></person-group>. (<year>2002</year>). <article-title>Psychotic Symptoms in Non-clinical Populations and rhe Continuum of Psychosis</article-title>. <source>Schizophrenia Research</source>, <volume>54</volume>(<issue>1-2</issue>), <fpage>59</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>65</lpage>.</citation></ref>
<ref id="bib049"><citation citation-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wilkinson</surname><given-names>Richard</given-names></name><name><surname>Kate</surname><given-names>Pickett.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2020</year>). <source>The Inner Level: How More Equal Societies Reduce Stress, Restore Sanity and Improve Everyone&#x2019;s Well-being</source>. <publisher-name>Penguin Books</publisher-name>.</citation></ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>